Platinum-resistant ovarian cancer

Platinum-resistant ovarian cancer is a subtype of ovarian cancer that does not respond to platinum-based chemotherapy, a common treatment for ovarian cancer. This resistance can be present at the start of treatment (primary resistance) or can develop over time (acquired resistance).

Definition

Platinum-resistant ovarian cancer is defined as disease that progresses within six months of the last dose of platinum-based chemotherapy. This is in contrast to platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer, which is defined as disease that recurs more than six months after the last dose of platinum-based chemotherapy.

Causes

The exact causes of platinum resistance are not fully understood, but several mechanisms have been proposed. These include increased DNA repair, decreased drug uptake, increased drug efflux, and alterations in the cell cycle. In addition, some studies suggest that the tumor microenvironment may play a role in the development of platinum resistance.

Treatment

The treatment of platinum-resistant ovarian cancer is challenging and often involves a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies. The choice of treatment depends on several factors, including the patient's overall health, the extent of the disease, and the patient's previous treatment history.

Prognosis

The prognosis for patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer is generally poor, with a median survival of less than one year. However, some patients may respond to treatment and achieve long-term survival.

Research

Research into platinum-resistant ovarian cancer is ongoing, with a focus on understanding the mechanisms of resistance and developing new treatments. Several promising approaches are currently being investigated, including immunotherapy, PARP inhibitors, and anti-angiogenic therapy.