Purgative

Purgative

A Purgative is a substance that accelerates defecation. This is generally used to treat constipation and in some cases, prior to procedures such as a colonoscopy. Purgatives are also known as aperients, laxatives, purgatives, and cathartics.

Types of Purgatives

There are several types of purgatives, each with a different mechanism of action.

• Bulk-forming laxatives: These are hydrophilic agents that absorb water, increasing the bulk and moisture content of the stool. This stimulates peristalsis and promotes defecation. Examples include psyllium, methylcellulose, and polycarbophil.

• Stimulant laxatives: These stimulate the intestinal muscles and increase the fluid secretion into the bowel. Examples include senna, bisacodyl, and castor oil.

• Osmotic laxatives: These increase the amount of water in the gut, which softens the stool and makes it easier to pass. Examples include lactulose, polyethylene glycol, and magnesium hydroxide.

• Stool softeners: These increase the water content in the stool, making it softer and easier to pass. Examples include docusate sodium and docusate calcium.

• Lubricant laxatives: These coat the stool and the intestinal walls, preventing water from being absorbed out of the stool. This keeps the stool soft and slippery, promoting easier passage. Examples include mineral oil.

Side Effects

While purgatives can be effective in treating constipation, they can also cause side effects. These can include dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and cramping. Long-term use of certain purgatives can lead to dependency and loss of normal bowel function.

See Also

• Laxative
• Constipation
• Colonoscopy
• Defecation

Purgative Resources
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