Sweating sickness epidemics

Sweating sickness was a mysterious and highly virulent disease that struck England and later continental Europe in a series of epidemics beginning in 1485. The disease was characterized by sudden onset, profuse sweating, and high mortality rates. The cause of sweating sickness remains unknown, and it disappeared as suddenly as it appeared.

History

The first outbreak of sweating sickness occurred in England in 1485, shortly after the arrival of Henry VII from France. The disease spread rapidly, causing widespread panic and a high number of deaths. Subsequent epidemics occurred in 1508, 1517, 1528, and 1551.

1485 Epidemic

The initial outbreak in 1485 coincided with the end of the Wars of the Roses. It primarily affected the English nobility and was noted for its rapid progression and high fatality rate. The disease was often fatal within hours of the first symptoms.

1508 Epidemic

The second outbreak in 1508 was less severe but still caused significant mortality. It was largely confined to England and did not spread as widely as the first epidemic.

1517 Epidemic

The 1517 epidemic was more widespread, affecting not only England but also parts of Ireland. The disease continued to baffle contemporary physicians, who were unable to determine its cause or cure.

1528 Epidemic

The 1528 outbreak was the most widespread, reaching beyond England to affect parts of Europe, including Germany, Sweden, and Denmark. This epidemic was notable for its rapid spread and high mortality rate.

1551 Epidemic

The final known outbreak occurred in 1551. After this epidemic, the disease vanished from historical records, and no further cases were reported.

Symptoms

Sweating sickness was characterized by a sudden onset of symptoms, including:

• Profuse sweating
• High fever
• Severe headache
• Delirium
• Rapid heartbeat

The disease progressed rapidly, often leading to death within hours. Those who survived the initial 24 hours generally recovered.

Theories on Cause

The exact cause of sweating sickness remains unknown. Various theories have been proposed, including:

• A viral infection
• A bacterial infection
• Environmental factors
• A form of influenza

Modern research has yet to conclusively identify the pathogen responsible for the disease.

Impact

Sweating sickness had a significant impact on the population and society of 16th-century England. It caused widespread fear and disrupted daily life, particularly during the height of the epidemics. The disease primarily affected the upper classes, leading to speculation about its transmission and causes.

Related pages

• Black Death
• Spanish flu
• Epidemiology
• History of medicine