Uveitis–glaucoma–hyphema syndrome

Uveitis–glaucoma–hyphema syndrome (UGHS), also known as Posner-Schlossman syndrome, is a rare ocular condition characterized by recurrent episodes of uveitis, glaucoma, and hyphema. It is typically unilateral, affecting only one eye, and is often associated with mild, non-granulomatous anterior uveitis.

Etiology

The exact cause of UGHS is unknown, but it is believed to be an autoimmune response triggered by a viral infection, particularly herpes simplex virus (HSV). Other potential triggers include trauma, surgery, and systemic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.

Clinical Features

Patients with UGHS typically present with recurrent episodes of mild uveitis, elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), and hyphema. The uveitis is usually non-granulomatous and mild, with minimal pain and redness. The elevated IOP can lead to glaucomatous optic neuropathy and vision loss if not properly managed. Hyphema, or bleeding into the anterior chamber of the eye, is a less common feature of UGHS.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of UGHS is primarily clinical, based on the characteristic triad of symptoms. Laboratory tests may be performed to rule out other causes of uveitis and glaucoma, such as infection or systemic disease. Imaging studies, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and visual field testing, may be used to assess the extent of optic nerve damage and visual field loss.

Treatment

Treatment of UGHS is aimed at controlling the inflammation and lowering the IOP to prevent optic nerve damage and vision loss. This typically involves the use of topical corticosteroids and IOP-lowering medications. In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary.

Prognosis

The prognosis for UGHS is generally good, with most patients achieving good control of their symptoms with treatment. However, the condition is chronic and recurrent, and long-term monitoring is necessary to prevent vision loss.

Uveitis–glaucoma–hyphema syndrome Resources
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