Central line infection

Central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) is a serious infection that occurs when bacteria or other germs enter the bloodstream through a central line. A central line is a type of catheter that is placed in a large vein in the neck, chest, or groin to give medications or fluids, draw blood, or perform certain medical tests quickly.

Causes

CLABSI is often caused by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These bacteria can enter the bloodstream through the central line during insertion or while the line is in place. Other factors that can increase the risk of CLABSI include poor hand hygiene, improper line care, and long duration of central line placement.

Symptoms

Symptoms of CLABSI can vary depending on the type of bacteria causing the infection. Common symptoms include fever, chills, and tenderness or redness at the site of the central line. In severe cases, CLABSI can lead to sepsis, a life-threatening condition that can cause organ failure.

Prevention

Prevention of CLABSI involves strict adherence to infection control practices during the insertion and maintenance of central lines. This includes hand hygiene, use of sterile barriers during insertion, and proper cleaning of the insertion site. In addition, the central line should be removed as soon as it is no longer needed.

Treatment

Treatment for CLABSI typically involves antibiotics to kill the bacteria causing the infection. In some cases, the central line may need to be removed and replaced.

See also

• Infection control
• Sepsis
• Catheter-related bloodstream infection