Diarrheal

Diarrheal diseases are conditions that lead to abnormal bowel movements characterized by loose or watery stools. They are common and usually not serious. Many people will experience diarrhea once or twice each year. It typically lasts two to three days and can be treated with over-the-counter (OTC) medicines. Some people may develop diarrhea from:

• Bacterial infections
• Viral infections
• Food intolerances and sensitivities
• Parasitic infections
• Digestive disorders

Causes

Diarrheal diseases can be caused by several factors, including:

• Infections: This is the most common cause of diarrhea and is often due to a virus, bacteria, or parasite.
• Food intolerances: Some people are sensitive to certain types of food such as lactose, fructose, or gluten, which can lead to diarrhea.
• Medications: Many medications, such as antibiotics, can cause diarrhea.
• Digestive disorders: Chronic conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), celiac disease, and Crohn's disease can lead to diarrhea.

Symptoms

The main symptom of diarrhea is passing loose, watery stools three or more times a day. Other symptoms can include:

• Abdominal pain
• Bloating
• Cramps
• Nausea
• Urgent need to have a bowel movement

Treatment

Treatment for diarrhea typically involves replacing lost fluids and electrolytes to prevent dehydration. Over-the-counter medicines like loperamide (Imodium) and bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) can help slow down diarrhea and reduce the number of bowel movements.

Prevention

Preventing diarrheal diseases often involves proper hygiene and safe food practices. Frequent handwashing, especially before eating or preparing food, can greatly reduce the risk of infection. Avoiding raw or undercooked meats, raw shellfish, and raw eggs can also help prevent foodborne illnesses that can cause diarrhea.

Diarrheal Resources
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