Head and neck cancer

From WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia
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Head & Neck Cancer

Definition[edit | edit source]

Cancer that emerges in the various anatomical structures of the head or neck.

Areas Affected[edit | edit source]

  • Nasal cavity: The space inside the nose.
  • Sinuses: Air-filled spaces around the nose.
  • Lips: External opening of the mouth.
  • Mouth: Including the oral cavity.
  • Salivary glands: Glands responsible for saliva production.
  • Throat: The passage leading from the mouth to the stomach and lungs.
  • Larynx: Also known as the voice box.

Risk Factors[edit | edit source]

  • Tobacco Use: Principal risk factor for head and neck cancers.
  • Alcohol Consumption: Heavy alcohol use can increase the risk.
  • HPV infection: Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV), a common sexually transmitted virus.
  • Ultraviolet Light Exposure: Sun exposure or exposure to artificial UV rays, a major cause of lip cancer.
  • Occupational Exposures: Including exposure to wood dust, formaldehyde, asbestos, nickel, and other chemicals.
  • EBV virus: Infection with the Epstein-Barr virus can increase risk.
  • Radiation: Prior radiation treatments to the head and neck region.

HPV and Head and Neck Cancer[edit | edit source]

Approximately 70% of cancers in the oropharynx are attributable to HPV.

Sex Ratio and Age[edit | edit source]

Men are about twice as likely as women to be diagnosed with head and neck cancers, and these cancers are more common in individuals over 50 years of age.

Symptoms[edit | edit source]

Dependent on the area affected:

  • Mouth: White or red sores, swelling in the jaw, unusual bleeding or pain, and problems with dentures.
  • Pharynx: Difficulty breathing or speaking, pain or ringing in the ears, trouble swallowing.
  • Larynx: Pain when swallowing, ear pain.
  • Sinuses and Nasal Cavity: Chronic sinus blockage, frequent sinus infections, nosebleeds, headaches, and dental problems.

Prevention[edit | edit source]

Preventive measures include:

  • Avoiding tobacco products.
  • Limiting alcohol consumption.
  • Considering HPV vaccination.
  • Using protective measures during oral sex.
  • Using sun protective measures, such as lip balm with sunscreen.
  • Regular dental check-ups to detect early signs.

See Also[edit | edit source]

Head and neck cancer Resources

Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD