Hypoglycaemia

Hypoglycaemia (also known as low blood sugar or low blood glucose) is a condition where the level of glucose (sugar) in the blood drops below a certain point (typically below 70 mg/dL). This can occur in people with diabetes, but also in those without the condition. Hypoglycaemia can cause a variety of symptoms and can even be life-threatening if not treated promptly.

Causes

Hypoglycaemia can be caused by several factors, including:

• Taking too much insulin or other diabetes medications
• Skipping meals or not eating enough carbohydrates
• Exercising more than usual without eating enough
• Drinking alcohol, especially on an empty stomach

Symptoms

Symptoms of hypoglycaemia can vary from person to person, but may include:

• Feeling shaky or jittery
• Sweating
• Feeling hungry
• Feeling anxious or nervous
• Confusion or difficulty concentrating
• Rapid heartbeat
• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Sleepiness
• Blurred vision
• Headache
• Mood changes, such as irritability or crying for no apparent reason

Treatment

Treatment for hypoglycaemia involves raising the blood glucose level. This can usually be done by consuming 15-20 grams of fast-acting carbohydrates, such as glucose tablets, fruit juice, or regular (not diet) soda. If the person is unconscious or unable to swallow, a glucagon injection may be needed.

Prevention

Preventing hypoglycaemia involves balancing food intake with medication and physical activity. This may include:

• Eating regular meals and snacks
• Monitoring blood glucose levels regularly
• Adjusting medication doses as needed
• Carrying a source of fast-acting carbohydrates at all times

See also

• Diabetes
• Hyperglycaemia
• Glucose
• Insulin

Hypoglycaemia Resources
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