Hypoglycemic agents

Hypoglycemic agents are a class of drugs used to treat diabetes mellitus by lowering blood glucose levels. They are also known as antihyperglycemic agents and are a key component in the management of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Types of Hypoglycemic Agents

There are several types of hypoglycemic agents, each working in a different way to lower blood glucose levels.

Insulin

Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates the amount of glucose in the blood. In people with diabetes, the body either doesn't produce enough insulin or can't use it effectively. Insulin therapy is used to replace or supplement the body's own insulin.

Sulfonylureas

Sulfonylureas stimulate the pancreas to release more insulin. They are often used in combination with other drugs to control blood glucose levels.

Biguanides

Biguanides, such as metformin, reduce the amount of glucose produced by the liver and help the body use insulin more effectively.

Thiazolidinediones

Thiazolidinediones help the body use insulin more effectively and reduce the amount of glucose produced by the liver.

DPP-4 inhibitors

DPP-4 inhibitors slow the breakdown of incretin hormones, which help to regulate blood glucose levels.

Side Effects

Like all medications, hypoglycemic agents can have side effects. These can include hypoglycemia, weight gain, gastrointestinal problems, and an increased risk of heart disease.

See Also

• Diabetes mellitus
• Insulin therapy
• Blood glucose monitoring