Influenza a virus

Influenza A virus is a species of the Orthomyxoviridae family in the virus kingdom. It is a significant cause of human pandemic diseases, including the Spanish flu in 1918, the Asian flu in 1957, and the Hong Kong flu in 1968.

Structure and Classification

The Influenza A virus is an enveloped virus with a segmented, single-stranded RNA genome. The virus is classified into subtypes based on two surface proteins: Hemagglutinin (H) and Neuraminidase (N). There are 18 known H subtypes and 11 known N subtypes.

Transmission and Symptoms

Influenza A virus is primarily transmitted through the air by coughs or sneezes, creating aerosols containing the virus. It can also spread by direct contact with bird droppings or nasal secretions, or through contact with contaminated surfaces. Symptoms of the virus can range from mild to severe and can even lead to death. Common symptoms include a high fever, runny nose, sore throat, muscle pains, headache, coughing, and feeling tired.

Prevention and Treatment

Prevention of Influenza A virus infection can be achieved by getting vaccinated each year. The Influenza vaccine is usually given in the form of a nasal spray or injection. Antiviral drugs such as Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and Zanamivir (Relenza) can be used to treat the infection.

See Also

• Influenza pandemic
• Influenza vaccine
• Hemagglutinin
• Neuraminidase