Lambert–Eaton syndrome

Lambert–Eaton syndrome (LES), also known as Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS), is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by muscle weakness of the limbs. It is caused by a disruption in the normal functioning of nerve cells in the peripheral nervous system.

Etiology

The primary cause of Lambert–Eaton syndrome is an autoimmune reaction where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the nerve cells. This is often associated with certain types of cancer, particularly small cell lung cancer, which is found in about 50% of all cases. However, in some cases, the cause of LES is unknown, and these are classified as idiopathic.

Symptoms

The main symptom of Lambert–Eaton syndrome is muscle weakness, which typically affects the muscles of the legs before the arms or hands. Other symptoms can include dry mouth, constipation, impotence in men, and changes in vision. The severity and range of symptoms can vary greatly from person to person.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Lambert–Eaton syndrome is typically based on a combination of clinical symptoms and diagnostic tests. These tests can include electromyography (EMG), which measures the electrical activity of muscles, and blood tests to detect the presence of specific antibodies associated with LES.

Treatment

Treatment for Lambert–Eaton syndrome primarily involves managing the symptoms and, if applicable, treating the underlying cancer. Medications can be used to improve muscle strength and reduce fatigue, and physical therapy may also be beneficial.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with Lambert–Eaton syndrome can vary greatly depending on the severity of the symptoms and the presence of underlying cancer. However, with appropriate treatment, most individuals with LES can lead a normal life.

See also

• Autoimmune diseases
• Neuromuscular disease
• Small cell lung cancer

NIH genetic and rare disease info

• NIH info on Lambert–Eaton syndrome

Lambert–Eaton syndrome is a rare disease.

Lambert–Eaton syndrome Resources
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