Lymphocytic meningitis

Lymphocytic Meningitis is a type of meningitis characterized by an inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. This condition is typically caused by a viral infection, but can also be caused by other factors such as bacterial or fungal infections, certain medications, or autoimmune diseases.

Causes

The most common cause of lymphocytic meningitis is a viral infection, particularly enteroviruses, herpes simplex virus, and varicella zoster virus. Other viruses such as mumps virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and HIV can also cause this condition. In rare cases, lymphocytic meningitis can be caused by bacterial or fungal infections, certain medications, or autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus or Behcet's disease.

Symptoms

Symptoms of lymphocytic meningitis can vary, but often include headache, fever, and neck stiffness. Other symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light (photophobia), and altered mental status. In severe cases, seizures, coma, and even death can occur.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of lymphocytic meningitis is typically made through a lumbar puncture, also known as a spinal tap, to collect and analyze cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The CSF is examined for increased white blood cell count, particularly lymphocytes, and decreased glucose levels. Other tests may include blood tests, imaging studies such as MRI or CT scan, and sometimes a biopsy of the meninges.

Treatment

Treatment for lymphocytic meningitis depends on the underlying cause. If a viral infection is the cause, treatment is usually supportive, including rest, hydration, and over-the-counter pain relievers to manage symptoms. If the cause is bacterial, antibiotics are used. In cases caused by an autoimmune disease, treatment may involve corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive drugs.

Prognosis

The prognosis for lymphocytic meningitis varies depending on the underlying cause and the patient's overall health. Most cases caused by viral infections resolve on their own within one to two weeks, although some patients may experience ongoing headaches or other symptoms for several weeks or months. Cases caused by bacterial infections or autoimmune diseases can be more serious, and may result in long-term complications or death if not properly treated.

See also

• Meningitis
• Viral meningitis
• Bacterial meningitis
• Fungal meningitis
• Autoimmune diseases