Mycositis fungoides

Mycosis fungoides is a rare form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma that primarily affects the skin. It is characterized by patches, plaques, and tumors that are caused by the abnormal proliferation of malignant T-cells in the skin. The disease is typically chronic and progressive, with stages that range from patch to plaque to tumor.

Etiology

The exact cause of mycosis fungoides is unknown. However, it is believed to be associated with certain genetic and environmental factors. Some studies suggest a link between the disease and exposure to certain chemicals or viral infections, but these findings are not conclusive.

Symptoms

The symptoms of mycosis fungoides vary depending on the stage of the disease. In the early stages, patients may experience red, scaly patches or thin plaques on the skin. These lesions may be itchy and are often mistaken for eczema or psoriasis. As the disease progresses, the skin lesions may thicken and form tumors.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of mycosis fungoides can be challenging due to its similarity to other skin conditions. It is typically diagnosed through a combination of skin biopsy, blood tests, and imaging studies. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) have established criteria for the diagnosis and staging of mycosis fungoides.

Treatment

Treatment for mycosis fungoides depends on the stage of the disease and the patient's overall health. Options may include skin-directed therapies, systemic therapies, and radiation therapy. In some cases, stem cell transplantation may be considered.

Prognosis

The prognosis for mycosis fungoides varies widely and depends on the stage of the disease at diagnosis. Early-stage disease has a better prognosis than advanced-stage disease. The five-year survival rate for patients with early-stage mycosis fungoides is over 90%.

See also

• Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
• Sezary syndrome
• Lymphoma