Pharyngeal cancer
Pharyngeal cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the pharynx (the part of the throat that sits behind the mouth and nasal cavity). It is a rare form of cancer, but can be serious if not detected and treated early.
Types[edit | edit source]
There are three main types of pharyngeal cancer, named for the part of the pharynx where they develop:
- Nasopharyngeal cancer begins in the nasopharynx, the upper part of the throat behind the nose.
- Oropharyngeal cancer starts in the oropharynx, the middle part of the throat that includes the base of the tongue and tonsils.
- Hypopharyngeal cancer (laryngopharyngeal cancer) starts in the hypopharynx, the lower part of the throat.
Symptoms[edit | edit source]
Symptoms of pharyngeal cancer can vary depending on the specific type and stage of the disease. Common symptoms may include:
- A persistent sore throat
- Trouble swallowing
- Unexplained weight loss
- A lump or sore that doesn't heal
- A persistent cough
- Ear pain
Causes and Risk Factors[edit | edit source]
Pharyngeal cancer occurs when cells in the pharynx develop mutations in their DNA. These mutations cause cells to grow and divide uncontrollably. The accumulating abnormal cells form a tumor. Factors that can increase the risk of pharyngeal cancer include:
- Tobacco use
- Heavy alcohol use
- A diet lacking in fruits and vegetables
- Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Diagnosis of pharyngeal cancer typically involves a physical examination, review of the patient's medical history, and diagnostic tests such as:
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Treatment for pharyngeal cancer depends on the type and stage of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall health. Treatment options may include:
Prognosis[edit | edit source]
The prognosis for pharyngeal cancer varies widely depending on the type and stage of the disease, the patient's overall health, and the effectiveness of treatment.
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
