Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck

Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) is a type of cancer that originates in the squamous cells lining the mucous membranes of the head and neck. It is a diverse group of cancers that can occur in the oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx, and hypopharynx.

Symptoms

The symptoms of SCCHN can vary depending on the location of the tumor. Common symptoms include a persistent sore throat, difficulty swallowing, unexplained weight loss, ear pain, and a change in voice.

Causes

The primary risk factors for SCCHN are tobacco and alcohol use. Other risk factors include human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, exposure to certain chemicals and substances, and a weakened immune system.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of SCCHN typically involves a physical examination, imaging tests, and a biopsy. The stage of the cancer is determined based on the size of the tumor, the extent of spread to nearby lymph nodes, and whether the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.

Treatment

Treatment options for SCCHN include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. The choice of treatment depends on the stage of the cancer, the patient's overall health, and the potential side effects of treatment.

Prognosis

The prognosis for SCCHN depends on several factors, including the stage of the cancer, the patient's overall health, and the response to treatment. Early detection and treatment can improve the prognosis.

See also

• Oral cancer
• Oropharyngeal cancer
• Laryngeal cancer
• Hypopharyngeal cancer

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