Streptococcal pharyngitis

Streptococcal pharyngitis, commonly known as strep throat, is an infection of the pharynx (throat) caused by the Group A Streptococcus (GAS) bacteria, specifically Streptococcus pyogenes. Strep throat is a common illness, especially among children and adolescents, and can lead to complications if left untreated.

Strep throat

Positive strep throat

Signs and symptoms

The primary symptoms of strep throat include:

• Sudden onset of throat pain
• Painful swallowing
• Red and swollen tonsils, sometimes with white patches or streaks of pus
• Small red spots on the roof of the mouth
• Swollen and tender lymph nodes in the neck
• Fever
• Headache
• Rash
• Nausea and vomiting (more common in younger children)
• Body aches and fatigue

Transmission

Streptococcal pharyngitis is transmitted through respiratory droplets, often from an infected individual's cough or sneeze. It can also be spread through contact with contaminated surfaces, such as shared utensils or drinking glasses.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of strep throat is typically based on a combination of symptoms and a physical examination. A rapid strep test or throat culture may be performed to confirm the presence of the GAS bacteria.

Treatment

Treatment for strep throat usually involves a course of antibiotics, such as penicillin or amoxicillin, to eliminate the infection and prevent complications. Over-the-counter pain relievers and fever reducers, like ibuprofen or acetaminophen, may also be recommended to manage symptoms.

Complications

If left untreated or inadequately treated, strep throat can lead to complications, including:

Rheumatic fever: an inflammatory disease that can damage the heart, joints, and other tissues Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis: a kidney disorder caused by an immune response to the strep infection Scarlet fever: a rash caused by a toxin produced by some strains of GAS bacteria Peritonsillar abscess: a collection of pus behind the tonsils Mastoiditis: an infection of the mastoid bone in the skull

Prevention

Preventative measures for strep throat include maintaining good hygiene, such as washing hands frequently, avoiding close contact with infected individuals, and not sharing personal items like toothbrushes or utensils.

See also

• Group A Streptococcus
• Tonsillitis
• Pharyngitis
• Rheumatic fever
• Scarlet fever

Streptococcal pharyngitis Resources
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