ASCVD

Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) refers to a group of conditions caused by the buildup of atherosclerotic plaques in the arteries. This buildup can lead to various cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction (heart attack), stroke, and peripheral artery disease.

Pathophysiology

ASCVD begins with damage to the endothelium of the arteries, often due to factors such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and smoking. This damage allows low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol to penetrate the arterial wall, leading to the formation of fatty streaks. Over time, these streaks evolve into fibrous plaques, which can narrow the arteries and restrict blood flow.

Risk Factors

Several risk factors contribute to the development of ASCVD, including:

• Hypertension
• Hyperlipidemia
• Diabetes mellitus
• Smoking
• Obesity
• Sedentary lifestyle
• Family history of cardiovascular disease

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of ASCVD typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Common diagnostic tools include:

• Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• Echocardiogram
• Coronary angiography
• Carotid ultrasound
• Lipid profile

Treatment

Treatment for ASCVD focuses on reducing risk factors and managing symptoms. Common approaches include:

• Lifestyle modifications such as diet and exercise
• Pharmacotherapy including statins, antihypertensives, and antiplatelet agents
• Surgical interventions such as angioplasty and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)

Prevention

Preventive measures for ASCVD include:

• Maintaining a healthy diet
• Regular physical activity
• Smoking cessation
• Regular health screenings
• Managing chronic conditions like hypertension and diabetes

Related Pages

• Atherosclerosis
• Myocardial infarction
• Stroke
• Peripheral artery disease
• Hypertension
• Hyperlipidemia
• Diabetes mellitus