Epidemic encephalitis
Epidemic Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain that is caused by a virus. It is often referred to as encephalitis lethargica and is characterized by high fever, headache, drowsiness, and in severe cases, seizure, paralysis, or coma. Epidemic encephalitis can affect anyone, regardless of age or gender, and is considered a serious and life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention.
Causes[edit | edit source]
Epidemic encephalitis is primarily caused by a viral infection. The most common viruses that can cause this condition include the herpes simplex virus, enteroviruses, mosquito-borne viruses, and tick-borne viruses. In rare cases, it can also be caused by bacteria, fungi, or parasites.
Symptoms[edit | edit source]
The symptoms of epidemic encephalitis can range from mild to severe. Mild symptoms often resemble those of the flu and may include fever, headache, vomiting, or fatigue. Severe symptoms can include confusion, agitation, hallucinations, seizures, loss of sensation, or paralysis in certain parts of the body.
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
The diagnosis of epidemic encephalitis typically involves a series of tests to rule out other potential causes of the symptoms. These tests may include a lumbar puncture (spinal tap), brain imaging with MRI or CT scan, and blood tests.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Treatment for epidemic encephalitis focuses on relieving symptoms and supporting the body's immune response. This may include antiviral medication, corticosteroids to reduce brain swelling, fever reducers, and pain relievers. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required.
Prevention[edit | edit source]
Prevention of epidemic encephalitis primarily involves protecting against mosquito and tick bites, as these are common carriers of the viruses that can cause the condition. This can be achieved through the use of insect repellent, wearing long sleeves and pants, and avoiding areas where these insects are common.
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
