Hare lip

Cleft Lip (commonly referred to as "hare lip") is a congenital condition characterized by an incomplete formation of the upper lip, which appears as a split or gap. This condition can vary in severity, from a small notch in the lip to a significant opening that extends into the nose. Cleft lips can occur on one side (unilateral) or both sides (bilateral) of the lip and are often associated with cleft palate, a condition where the roof of the mouth is not fully formed.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of cleft lip is not fully understood, but it is believed to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Risk factors may include family history of cleft lip or palate, maternal smoking or alcohol use during pregnancy, obesity in the mother, and certain medications taken during pregnancy.

Diagnosis

Cleft lip can often be diagnosed during pregnancy through routine ultrasound examinations. After birth, the condition is immediately apparent due to the visible split in the lip.

Treatment

Treatment for cleft lip involves surgical repair to close the split and restore normal function and appearance to the lip. Surgery is typically performed when the child is about three to six months old. In many cases, multiple surgeries and other treatments, such as speech therapy or dental care, may be necessary as the child grows.

Complications

Children with cleft lip may experience a range of complications, including feeding difficulties, speech problems, ear infections, and hearing loss. Early intervention and treatment can help manage these issues.

Epidemiology

Cleft lip, with or without cleft palate, is one of the most common congenital anomalies. The prevalence varies by geographic region, racial and ethnic groups, and socioeconomic status. It is more common in males than females and has a higher incidence in Asian and Native American populations.

Societal and Cultural Impact

Individuals with cleft lip may face social and emotional challenges, including stigma, bullying, and low self-esteem. Support from family, healthcare providers, and support groups can play a crucial role in the well-being of those affected.

See Also

• Cleft Palate
• Plastic Surgery
• Pediatrics
• Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery