Heart-lung machine
Heart-lung machine is a device used in open heart surgery to support the body during the surgical procedure while the heart is stopped. The heart-lung machine is often referred to as the “pump”, and does the work of the heart and lungs during the operation.
History[edit | edit source]
The first heart-lung machine was developed by Dr. John Gibbon, a surgeon who was interested in treating patients with complex heart diseases. His machine was first used successfully in 1953.
Function[edit | edit source]
The heart-lung machine takes over the function of the patient's heart and lungs, allowing the surgeon to operate on a still, unbeating heart. The machine removes carbon dioxide from the blood, adds oxygen, and then pumps the blood back into the body.
Components[edit | edit source]
The heart-lung machine consists of a series of components:
- Pump - This is the part of the machine that actually moves the blood. There are several types of pumps that can be used, including roller pumps and centrifugal pumps.
- Oxygenator - This is the part of the machine that adds oxygen to the blood and removes carbon dioxide. There are several types of oxygenators, including bubble oxygenators and membrane oxygenators.
- Heat exchanger - This part of the machine controls the temperature of the blood. It can warm the blood to prevent hypothermia, or cool the blood to allow for certain types of surgery that are performed under hypothermic conditions.
- Filter - This part of the machine removes air and other particulates from the blood before it is returned to the body.
Risks[edit | edit source]
While the heart-lung machine has been a major advancement in heart surgery, it is not without risks. These can include stroke, lung damage, and kidney damage. However, advances in technology and surgical techniques have significantly reduced these risks.
Future Developments[edit | edit source]
Research is ongoing to develop smaller, more efficient heart-lung machines, as well as machines that can provide longer-term support for patients with chronic heart or lung disease.
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
