Intracranial hypertension syndrome

Intracranial Hypertension Syndrome

Intracranial Hypertension Syndrome (IHS) is a neurological disorder characterized by increased pressure within the skull. This condition can lead to severe headaches, vision problems, and other neurological symptoms. Intracranial Hypertension Syndrome can be classified into two main types: primary intracranial hypertension (also known as idiopathic intracranial hypertension) and secondary intracranial hypertension.

Causes

The exact cause of primary intracranial hypertension is unknown, but it is often associated with obesity, certain medications, and hormonal changes. Secondary intracranial hypertension can result from various conditions, including brain tumors, traumatic brain injury, meningitis, and venous sinus thrombosis.

Symptoms

Common symptoms of Intracranial Hypertension Syndrome include:

• Severe headaches, often worse in the morning or when lying down
• Visual disturbances, such as blurred vision, double vision, or temporary blindness
• Papilledema, or swelling of the optic disc
• Nausea and vomiting
• Tinnitus, or ringing in the ears
• Dizziness and balance problems

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Intracranial Hypertension Syndrome typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and lumbar puncture. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans are used to rule out other causes of increased intracranial pressure. A lumbar puncture measures the pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid and can help confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment for Intracranial Hypertension Syndrome depends on the underlying cause. For primary intracranial hypertension, weight loss, medications such as acetazolamide or topiramate, and therapeutic lumbar punctures may be recommended. In severe cases, surgical interventions like optic nerve sheath fenestration or cerebrospinal fluid shunt placement may be necessary. Treatment for secondary intracranial hypertension focuses on addressing the underlying condition.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with Intracranial Hypertension Syndrome varies. With appropriate treatment, many patients experience significant improvement in symptoms. However, some individuals may have persistent symptoms or complications, such as vision loss.

Related Pages

• Primary intracranial hypertension
• Secondary intracranial hypertension
• Brain tumor
• Traumatic brain injury
• Meningitis
• Venous sinus thrombosis
• Papilledema
• Lumbar puncture
• Cerebrospinal fluid