Neonatal diabetes mellitus

Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is a monogenic form of diabetes that occurs in the first 6 months of life. It is a rare condition and it is different from the most common forms of diabetes, such as type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes, because it is not autoimmune in nature.

Causes

NDM is caused by a mutation in one of several genes. The most common gene mutations are found in the KCNJ11, ABCC8, and INS genes. These mutations prevent the body from properly regulating the amount of insulin it produces, leading to high blood sugar levels.

Symptoms

The symptoms of NDM can vary, but they often include frequent urination, excessive thirst, dehydration, and failure to thrive. In severe cases, if left untreated, NDM can lead to life-threatening complications such as ketoacidosis.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of NDM is based on the age of onset, the presence of persistent hyperglycemia, and the absence of pancreatic autoantibodies. Genetic testing is also used to confirm the diagnosis and identify the specific gene mutation.

Treatment

Treatment for NDM depends on the specific gene mutation. In some cases, oral medications such as sulfonylureas can be used to control blood sugar levels. In other cases, insulin injections may be necessary.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with NDM varies depending on the specific gene mutation and the severity of the condition. With appropriate treatment, most individuals with NDM can lead normal, healthy lives.

See also

• Diabetes mellitus
• Monogenic diabetes
• KCNJ11
• ABCC8
• INS

Neonatal diabetes mellitus Resources
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