Primary hypersomnia

Primary Hypersomnia is a neurological disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in which an individual has difficulty staying awake during the day, but has no difficulty maintaining a full night's sleep. It is a type of hypersomnia that is not caused by another sleep disorder, medical condition, medication, or substance abuse.

Symptoms

The main symptom of primary hypersomnia is excessive daytime sleepiness, despite getting a full night's sleep. Other symptoms may include:

• Difficulty waking up in the morning
• Feeling unrefreshed after waking
• Difficulty concentrating
• Memory problems
• Lack of energy
• Mood changes, such as irritability or depression

Causes

The exact cause of primary hypersomnia is unknown. However, it is believed to be related to the central nervous system, as it controls sleep and wakefulness. Some researchers believe that it may be caused by a problem in the brain's "sleep-wake" cycle.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of primary hypersomnia is based on the individual's symptoms and medical history. A sleep study may be conducted to rule out other sleep disorders. Other tests may include:

• Polysomnography
• Multiple sleep latency test
• Epworth Sleepiness Scale

Treatment

Treatment for primary hypersomnia typically involves medications to help manage symptoms. These may include:

• Stimulants
• Antidepressants
• Sodium oxybate

Lifestyle changes, such as maintaining a regular sleep schedule and avoiding alcohol and caffeine, may also be recommended.

See also

• Narcolepsy
• Idiopathic hypersomnia
• Kleine-Levin syndrome

References

Primary hypersomnia Resources
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