KCNQ5

From WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia

KCNQ5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNQ5 gene. It is a voltage-gated potassium channel present in the membranes of many cells, including neurons and muscle cells. KCNQ5 plays a crucial role in the regulation of the resting membrane potential and the control of the shape and frequency of action potentials, which are essential for normal neuronal excitability and muscle contraction.

Structure

The KCNQ5 protein is composed of six transmembrane segments (S1-S6), with a pore-forming loop between S5 and S6. The S4 segment acts as the voltage sensor, undergoing conformational changes in response to changes in membrane potential. The N- and C-termini of the protein are located intracellularly.

Function

KCNQ5 channels are activated by membrane depolarization, allowing potassium ions to flow out of the cell. This outward current helps to repolarize the membrane, terminating the action potential and setting the stage for the next one. KCNQ5 channels are also sensitive to changes in cell volume, pH, and the presence of certain signaling molecules.

Clinical significance

Mutations in the KCNQ5 gene can lead to a variety of neurological and cardiovascular disorders. For example, some forms of epilepsy and cardiac arrhythmia have been linked to KCNQ5 mutations. In addition, KCNQ5 channels are potential targets for the treatment of certain types of pain and psychiatric disorders.

See also

References






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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD