Protein energy malnutrition

Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is a form of malnutrition that is defined as a range of pathological conditions arising from coincident lack of protein and/or energy in varying proportions. The condition has mild, moderate, and severe degrees.

Causes

PEM is caused by a deficiency in the intake of protein and energy in relation to the body's needs. This deficiency can be caused by a lack of access to high-quality food, or by illnesses that increase the body's need for protein and energy or prevent their proper absorption and utilization.

Types

There are two main types of PEM: Kwashiorkor and Marasmus. Kwashiorkor is characterized by adequate energy intake but insufficient protein intake, while Marasmus is characterized by insufficient intake of both energy and protein.

Symptoms

Symptoms of PEM can vary depending on the type and severity of the condition, but they often include weight loss, fatigue, irritability, and edema. In severe cases, PEM can lead to stunted growth, mental impairment, and death.

Treatment

Treatment for PEM typically involves increasing the intake of protein and energy. This can be achieved through a balanced diet or through the use of special therapeutic foods. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary.

Prevention

Prevention of PEM involves ensuring adequate intake of protein and energy. This can be achieved through a balanced diet, and in some cases, through the use of dietary supplements.

See also

• Malnutrition
• Kwashiorkor
• Marasmus

Protein energy malnutrition Resources
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