Restless legs

Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), also known as Willis-Ekbom disease, is a neurological disorder characterized by an irresistible urge to move one's body to stop uncomfortable or odd sensations. It most commonly affects the legs, but can also affect the arms, torso, and even phantom limbs. Moving the affected body part modulates the sensations, providing temporary relief.

Symptoms

The hallmark symptom of RLS is a desire to move the legs, often accompanied by uncomfortable sensations. These sensations are typically described as crawling, creeping, pulling, tingling, burning, or itching, and are usually worse at night. The severity of RLS symptoms ranges from mild to intolerable. Symptoms can come and go and severity can also vary. The symptoms are generally worse in the evening and night and less severe in the morning.

Causes

While the cause of RLS is often unknown, certain factors are associated with an increased risk of developing the condition. These include genetic predisposition, pregnancy, iron deficiency, kidney failure, Parkinson's disease, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, and peripheral neuropathy. Some medications, such as antidepressants, antihistamines, and antipsychotics, can also trigger symptoms.

Diagnosis

RLS is diagnosed based on the patient's symptoms and medical history. The International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group has established four essential criteria for the diagnosis of RLS.

Treatment

Treatment of RLS is targeted at reducing symptoms. This may include lifestyle changes, such as reducing caffeine and alcohol intake, regular physical activity, and good sleep hygiene. Medications may also be used, including dopaminergic agents, benzodiazepines, opioids, and anticonvulsants.

Epidemiology

RLS affects approximately 2.5-15% of the general population. It is twice as common in women as in men and is often unrecognized or misdiagnosed, particularly in people with milder cases.

See also

• Periodic limb movement disorder
• Sleep disorder
• Insomnia

Restless legs Resources
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