Wolff-parkinson-white syndrome

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW syndrome) is a disorder of the heart's electrical system that results in a rapid heart rate (tachycardia). It is characterized by the presence of an abnormal extra electrical pathway in the heart, known as an accessory pathway, which can lead to episodes of rapid heartbeats.

Pathophysiology

WPW syndrome is caused by the presence of an accessory pathway, also known as the Bundle of Kent, which allows electrical signals to bypass the normal route through the atrioventricular node (AV node). This can lead to a type of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) called atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT). The abnormal pathway can cause the electrical signals to loop back to the atria, leading to rapid heartbeats.

Symptoms

Individuals with WPW syndrome may experience a variety of symptoms, including:

• Palpitations
• Dizziness
• Shortness of breath
• Chest pain
• Syncope (fainting)

In some cases, WPW syndrome can lead to more serious complications such as atrial fibrillation or ventricular fibrillation, which can be life-threatening.

Diagnosis

WPW syndrome is typically diagnosed using an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG), which can reveal characteristic findings such as a short PR interval and a delta wave. Additional tests, such as an electrophysiology study, may be performed to confirm the diagnosis and locate the accessory pathway.

Treatment

Treatment options for WPW syndrome include:

• Medications: Antiarrhythmic drugs may be used to control the heart rate and prevent episodes of tachycardia.
• Catheter ablation: A procedure that uses radiofrequency energy to destroy the accessory pathway and prevent abnormal electrical signals.
• Cardioversion: An emergency procedure used to restore a normal heart rhythm in cases of severe tachycardia or fibrillation.

Prognosis

With appropriate treatment, most individuals with WPW syndrome can lead normal, healthy lives. However, ongoing monitoring and follow-up care are important to manage the condition and prevent complications.

Related Pages

• Atrioventricular node
• Supraventricular tachycardia
• Electrocardiogram
• Catheter ablation
• Atrial fibrillation
• Ventricular fibrillation