5-aminolevulinic acid

5-Aminolevulinic acid (also known as 5-ALA, ALA, or δ-aminolevulinic acid) is a non-proteinogenic amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of heme, a component of hemoglobin. It is the first compound in the porphyrin synthesis pathway, the pathway that leads to heme in mammals and chlorophyll in plants.

Structure and properties

5-Aminolevulinic acid has a carboxylic acid group and an amino group, making it an amino acid. However, it is not one of the 20 standard amino acids used to build proteins. It is a white, crystalline solid that is soluble in water and polar organic solvents.

Biosynthesis

In humans and other mammals, 5-aminolevulinic acid is produced in the mitochondria through the condensation of the amino acid glycine and succinyl-CoA, a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme ALA synthase. This is the first step in the biosynthesis of heme.

Medical uses

5-Aminolevulinic acid is used in photodynamic therapy for the treatment of various types of cancer. It is also used as a diagnostic tool in the detection of malignant cells.

Safety and side effects

While generally safe for use in medical procedures, 5-aminolevulinic acid can cause side effects such as skin redness, burning sensation, and photosensitivity.

See also

• Porphyrin
• Heme
• Photodynamic therapy

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