Adult-onset diabetes

Adult-onset diabetes, also known as Type 2 diabetes, is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. It is a form of diabetes that typically develops in adults, but is increasingly seen in children and adolescents.

Causes

The exact cause of adult-onset diabetes is unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Risk factors include obesity, lack of physical activity, poor diet, stress, and urbanization. Studies have shown that excess body fat, particularly in the abdominal area, and lack of exercise are major contributors to the development of the disease.

Symptoms

Symptoms of adult-onset diabetes can be subtle and may develop slowly over time. They include increased thirst and urination, constant hunger, weight loss, blurred vision, and fatigue. If left untreated, it can lead to serious complications such as heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, and nerve damage.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of adult-onset diabetes is typically based on blood tests that measure blood sugar levels. These include the fasting plasma glucose test, the oral glucose tolerance test, and the HbA1c test, which measures average blood sugar levels over the past two to three months.

Treatment

Treatment for adult-onset diabetes primarily involves lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise, along with medication to control blood sugar levels. In some cases, insulin therapy may be required. Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels is also important to manage the disease effectively.

Prevention

Prevention strategies for adult-onset diabetes include maintaining a healthy weight, regular physical activity, a balanced diet, and avoiding tobacco use. Regular screening for diabetes in at-risk individuals can also help in early detection and treatment of the disease.

See also

• Insulin resistance
• Metabolic syndrome
• Diabetes management
• Diabetes mellitus type 1