Avian influenza virus
Avian Influenza Virus[edit | edit source]
The avian influenza virus is a type of influenza virus that primarily infects birds, but can also infect humans and other animals. It is a member of the family Orthomyxoviridae and is classified into several subtypes based on the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) proteins on its surface. The most well-known subtypes that have caused concern in humans are H5N1 and H7N9.
Classification[edit | edit source]
Avian influenza viruses are classified into subtypes based on the combination of the 18 different hemagglutinin (HA) and 11 different neuraminidase (NA) proteins. For example, the H5N1 virus has the fifth type of hemagglutinin and the first type of neuraminidase.
Transmission[edit | edit source]
Avian influenza viruses are primarily spread among birds through direct contact with infected birds or contaminated environments. Wild waterfowl are natural hosts for these viruses and can carry them without showing symptoms. The virus can spread to domestic poultry, leading to outbreaks in farms.
Transmission to humans can occur through direct or close contact with infected birds or contaminated environments. Human-to-human transmission is rare but has been documented in some cases.
Symptoms in Birds[edit | edit source]
In birds, avian influenza can range from mild to severe. Symptoms may include:
- Decreased egg production
- Respiratory distress
- Swelling of the head, eyelids, comb, wattles, and hocks
- Sudden death
Symptoms in Humans[edit | edit source]
In humans, symptoms of avian influenza can range from mild to severe and may include:
- Fever
- Cough
- Sore throat
- Muscle aches
- Severe respiratory illness
Prevention and Control[edit | edit source]
Preventing the spread of avian influenza involves:
- Biosecurity measures in poultry farms
- Surveillance and monitoring of wild and domestic birds
- Vaccination of poultry
- Culling of infected or exposed birds
For humans, prevention includes avoiding contact with infected birds and practicing good hygiene.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Antiviral medications, such as oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza), can be used to treat avian influenza in humans. Early treatment is crucial for effectiveness.
Also see[edit | edit source]
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