Hashimoto disease

Hashimoto disease, also known as Hashimoto thyroiditis, is an autoimmune disorder that affects the thyroid gland. It is named after the Japanese physician Hakaru Hashimoto, who first described the condition in 1912. Hashimoto disease is the most common cause of hypothyroidism, a condition in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones.

Symptoms

Symptoms of Hashimoto disease can vary widely and may include fatigue, weight gain, constipation, dry skin, hair loss, sensitivity to cold, muscle weakness, and depression. Some individuals may also experience a goiter, which is an enlargement of the thyroid gland.

Causes

Hashimoto disease occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland, leading to inflammation and damage. The exact cause of this autoimmune response is not fully understood, but genetic factors and environmental triggers are believed to play a role. Women are more likely to develop Hashimoto disease than men, and the condition often runs in families.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Hashimoto disease is typically based on a combination of symptoms, physical examination findings, and blood tests that measure levels of thyroid hormones and antibodies. An ultrasound of the thyroid gland may also be performed to assess its size and appearance.

Treatment

Treatment for Hashimoto disease usually involves hormone replacement therapy with synthetic thyroid hormones such as levothyroxine. The goal of treatment is to restore thyroid hormone levels to normal and alleviate symptoms. Regular monitoring of thyroid function through blood tests is important to ensure that the dosage of thyroid hormone medication is appropriate.

Complications

If left untreated, Hashimoto disease can lead to complications such as goiter, infertility, heart problems, and myxedema coma, a rare but life-threatening condition characterized by severe hypothyroidism. It is important for individuals with Hashimoto disease to work closely with their healthcare provider to manage their condition effectively.