Intercellular adhesion molecule-1

Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is a cell adhesion molecule that is expressed on the surface of endothelial cells and cells of the immune system. It plays a crucial role in inflammation, immune response, and cell migration.

Structure

ICAM-1 is a type of immunoglobulin superfamily protein, which means it is made up of several immunoglobulin domains. It is a transmembrane protein, meaning it spans the entire width of the cell membrane.

Function

ICAM-1 is involved in a variety of biological processes. It plays a key role in the immune response by facilitating the movement of white blood cells to sites of inflammation. This is achieved through a process known as leukocyte extravasation, where white blood cells move out of the bloodstream and into the surrounding tissues.

ICAM-1 also plays a role in cell adhesion, which is the process by which cells interact and attach to neighbouring cells. This is important for maintaining the structural integrity of tissues and for facilitating cell communication.

Clinical significance

Abnormal expression of ICAM-1 has been associated with a variety of diseases, including autoimmune diseases, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. For example, increased levels of ICAM-1 have been observed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and it is thought to contribute to the inflammation and joint damage seen in this condition.

Research

Research into ICAM-1 has led to the development of several therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating its function. These include the use of monoclonal antibodies that bind to ICAM-1 and prevent it from interacting with its binding partners.