Ischaemic stroke

Ischaemic stroke is a type of stroke that occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, preventing brain tissue from getting oxygen and nutrients. Brain cells begin to die in minutes.

Causes

Ischaemic stroke is caused by a blockage in an artery that supplies blood to the brain. The blockage reduces the blood flow and oxygen supply to the brain, leading to damage or death of brain cells. The blockage can be caused by several conditions, including deep vein thrombosis (DVT), carotid artery disease, and cardiovascular disease.

Symptoms

The symptoms of an ischaemic stroke can vary depending on the area of the brain that is affected. Common symptoms include sudden numbness or weakness in the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body, sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding speech, sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes, sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination, or sudden severe headache with no known cause.

Diagnosis

Ischaemic stroke is usually diagnosed based on symptoms and medical history. Tests such as a CT scan or MRI can confirm the diagnosis and determine the location and extent of the brain damage. Other tests, such as blood tests, electrocardiogram (ECG), and echocardiogram, may be used to determine the cause of the stroke.

Treatment

Treatment for ischaemic stroke aims to restore blood flow to the brain. This can be achieved with medication that dissolves blood clots, such as tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). In some cases, a procedure may be required to remove the clot. Long-term treatment includes medication to prevent blood clots and control symptoms, and rehabilitation to help regain lost skills.

Prevention

Prevention of ischaemic stroke involves managing underlying conditions that increase the risk of stroke, such as high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, high cholesterol, diabetes, and circulation problems. Lifestyle changes, such as eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, quitting smoking, and limiting alcohol, can also reduce the risk of stroke.

See also

• Hemorrhagic stroke
• Transient ischaemic attack
• Stroke recovery

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