Ischemic stroke

Ischemic stroke is a type of stroke that occurs when the flow of blood to the brain is blocked, usually by a blood clot. This blockage deprives the brain of necessary oxygen and nutrients, causing brain cells to die.

Causes

The primary cause of ischemic stroke is atherosclerosis, a condition in which fatty deposits build up on the inner lining of the arteries. Other causes include cardiac arrhythmias, heart attack, and certain blood disorders.

Symptoms

Symptoms of ischemic stroke can vary depending on the area of the brain that is affected. Common symptoms include sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body; sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding speech; sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes; sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination; or sudden severe headache with no known cause.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of ischemic stroke is typically made through a physical examination and imaging tests such as a CT scan or MRI. Other tests may include a carotid ultrasound, cerebral angiogram, or echocardiogram.

Treatment

Treatment for ischemic stroke aims to restore blood flow to the brain. This can be achieved through medications that dissolve blood clots, such as tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), or procedures to remove the clot, such as endovascular procedures. Long-term treatment may include medications to prevent blood clots and control symptoms, as well as therapy to help regain lost skills.

Prevention

Prevention of ischemic stroke involves managing risk factors, such as high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, and high cholesterol. Lifestyle changes, such as eating a healthy diet, getting regular exercise, and limiting alcohol intake, can also help reduce the risk of ischemic stroke.

See also

• Hemorrhagic stroke
• Transient ischemic attack
• Cerebrovascular disease

Ischemic stroke Resources
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