Neonatal listeriosis

Neonatal listeriosis is a severe infection that occurs in newborns as a result of maternal-fetal transmission of the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. This bacterium is commonly found in soil, water, and food, and can cause listeriosis, a serious illness in humans.

Etiology

Neonatal listeriosis is caused by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. This bacterium is capable of crossing the placenta and infecting the fetus. The infection can occur at any time during pregnancy, but it is most common during the third trimester when maternal immunity is decreased.

Clinical Presentation

Neonates with listeriosis can present with a variety of symptoms, including fever, irritability, sepsis, meningitis, and pneumonia. In severe cases, the infection can lead to preterm birth, miscarriage, or stillbirth.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of neonatal listeriosis is typically made through blood culture or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture. The Listeria monocytogenes bacterium can be identified through Gram stain and culture.

Treatment

Treatment for neonatal listeriosis typically involves antibiotics, such as ampicillin or gentamicin. In severe cases, hospitalization and intensive care may be required.

Prevention

Prevention of neonatal listeriosis involves avoiding foods that are known to be high-risk for Listeria contamination, such as unpasteurized dairy products and raw or undercooked meats. Pregnant women are particularly advised to avoid these foods.

See Also

• Listeriosis
• Neonatal sepsis
• Neonatal meningitis