Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus

Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARSr-CoV) is a species of coronavirus which infects humans, bats, and certain other mammals. It is an enveloped positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus (and hence Baltimore class IV) which enters its host cell by binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. It is a member of the genus Betacoronavirus and the subgenus Sarbecovirus.

History

The SARSr-CoV was first identified in 2003 during an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Asia. The virus was initially isolated from a patient in Foshan, Guangdong, China. The virus was later named the SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV).

Structure and Genome

Like all coronaviruses, the SARSr-CoV is an enveloped virus with a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome. The genome is approximately 30,000 bases in length, making it one of the largest among RNA viruses. The genome contains 14 open reading frames (ORFs) which encode for 27 proteins. The virus has a helical capsid that is surrounded by a lipid envelope.

Transmission and Disease

SARSr-CoV is primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets, but can also be spread through contact with contaminated surfaces. The virus can cause severe respiratory illness, including pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Symptoms of infection include fever, cough, and difficulty breathing. In severe cases, the disease can be fatal.

Prevention and Treatment

There is currently no specific treatment for SARSr-CoV infection. Management of the disease is primarily supportive, including rest, hydration, and treatment of symptoms. Prevention measures include frequent hand washing, wearing a mask, and avoiding close contact with individuals who are sick.

See Also

• Coronavirus disease 2019
• Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
• Zoonosis

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