Transverse Myelitis

Transverse myelitis (Greek: myelos, "marrow") is a neurological disorder caused by inflammation across both sides of one level, or segment, of the spinal cord. The term myelitis refers to inflammation of the spinal cord; transverse simply describes the position of the inflammation, that is, across the width of the spinal cord. Attacks of inflammation can damage or destroy myelin, the fatty insulating substance that covers nerve cell fibers. This damage causes nervous system scars that interrupt communications between the nerves in the spinal cord and the rest of the body.

Symptoms

Symptoms of transverse myelitis include a loss of spinal cord function over several hours to several weeks. What usually begins as a sudden onset of lower back pain, muscle weakness, or abnormal sensations in the toes and feet can rapidly progress to more severe symptoms, including paralysis, urinary retention, and loss of bowel control. Although some patients recover from transverse myelitis with minor or no residual problems, others suffer permanent impairments that affect their ability to perform ordinary tasks of daily living. Most patients will have only one episode of transverse myelitis; a small percentage may have a recurrence.

Causes

The exact cause of transverse myelitis and extensive cord damage is unknown in many cases. However, the condition may occur as a complication of various viral infections. Also, it may be associated with spinal cord injuries, immune disorders including multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica, or vascular disorders.

Diagnosis

Doctors diagnose transverse myelitis by taking a medical history and performing a physical examination. Other tests such as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan or a lumbar puncture may be needed to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

There is no cure for transverse myelitis, but there are treatments available to help manage the symptoms and improve the quality of life for people with the condition. These treatments may include medication, physiotherapy, and occupational therapy.

See also

• Neurology
• Spinal cord injury
• Multiple sclerosis
• Neuromyelitis optica

References

Transverse Myelitis Resources
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