Acute lymphadenitis

Acute Lymphadenitis is a medical condition characterized by the inflammation of the lymph nodes. It is often a complication of a bacterial infection that has spread from a local site, such as the skin. The condition can affect individuals of all ages, but is more common in children and young adults.

Causes

The most common cause of acute lymphadenitis is bacterial infection, particularly by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Other bacteria, such as Bartonella henselae (the cause of cat scratch disease) and Francisella tularensis (the cause of tularemia), can also cause acute lymphadenitis. In rare cases, viral or fungal infections may lead to the condition.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of acute lymphadenitis is swelling of the lymph nodes, which may be accompanied by pain and tenderness. Other symptoms can include fever, night sweats, fatigue, and weight loss. In severe cases, an abscess may form in the affected lymph node.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of acute lymphadenitis is typically based on physical examination and medical history. Additional tests, such as blood tests, imaging studies (like ultrasound or CT scan), and biopsy of the affected lymph node may be performed to confirm the diagnosis and identify the underlying cause.

Treatment

Treatment for acute lymphadenitis primarily involves addressing the underlying cause of the inflammation. This typically involves antibiotics to treat bacterial infections. In cases where an abscess has formed, surgical drainage may be necessary. Pain relief and anti-inflammatory medications may also be used to manage symptoms.

Prognosis

With appropriate treatment, the prognosis for acute lymphadenitis is generally good. However, complications can occur if the condition is not treated promptly, including the spread of the infection to other parts of the body.

See also

• Lymphadenopathy
• Lymphatic system
• Inflammation