Catarrhal

An inflammation of a mucous membrane in humans or animals

Catarrhal
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Runny nose, sore throat, cough, congestion
Complications	Sinusitis, otitis media
Onset	N/A
Duration	N/A
Types	N/A
Causes	Viral infection, allergy
Risks	N/A
Diagnosis	N/A
Differential diagnosis	N/A
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Rest, hydration, decongestants
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	N/A
Deaths	N/A

Catarrhal refers to an inflammation of a mucous membrane, particularly in the respiratory tract, characterized by excessive production of mucus. This condition is commonly associated with the upper respiratory tract infections, such as the common cold, and can also occur in response to allergens or irritants.

Pathophysiology

Catarrhal inflammation is a type of inflammation that affects the mucous membranes lining the respiratory tract. It is characterized by the overproduction of mucus, which is a viscous fluid secreted by the mucous membranes. The primary function of mucus is to trap and eliminate pathogens and particles from the respiratory tract. However, during catarrhal inflammation, the excessive mucus production can lead to symptoms such as nasal congestion, runny nose, and cough.

The inflammation is typically triggered by viral infections, such as those caused by the rhinovirus, coronavirus, or influenza virus. Allergic reactions to substances like pollen, dust, or pet dander can also cause catarrhal symptoms. In some cases, exposure to irritants such as smoke or pollution can lead to catarrhal inflammation.

Symptoms

Common symptoms of catarrhal inflammation include:

• Runny nose
• Nasal congestion
• Sore throat
• Cough
• Sneezing
• Post-nasal drip

These symptoms can vary in severity and duration depending on the underlying cause and the individual's immune response.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of catarrhal inflammation is primarily clinical, based on the patient's symptoms and medical history. A physical examination may reveal signs of nasal congestion and throat irritation. In some cases, additional tests such as a throat swab or allergy testing may be conducted to identify the specific cause of the symptoms.

Treatment

Treatment of catarrhal inflammation focuses on relieving symptoms and addressing the underlying cause. Common approaches include:

• Rest and hydration to support the immune system.
• Use of decongestants to reduce nasal congestion.
• Antihistamines for allergy-related symptoms.
• Analgesics such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen for pain relief.

In cases where a bacterial infection is suspected, antibiotics may be prescribed, although they are not effective against viral infections.

Prevention

Preventive measures for catarrhal inflammation include:

• Practicing good hygiene, such as regular handwashing.
• Avoiding known allergens and irritants.
• Receiving appropriate vaccinations, such as the influenza vaccine.

Also see

• Common cold
• Allergic rhinitis
• Sinusitis
• Bronchitis