Melatonin (medication)

Melatonin (medication)

Melatonin is a hormone naturally produced by the pineal gland in the brain. It is primarily responsible for regulating the sleep-wake cycle, also known as the circadian rhythm. As a medication, melatonin is commonly used to treat insomnia and other sleep disorders.

Production and Function

Melatonin is produced in response to darkness and is suppressed by light. It is involved in the regulation of several biological functions beyond sleep, including immune function, blood pressure, and body temperature.

Melatonin as a Medication

As a medication, melatonin is often used to treat sleep disorders, such as insomnia and jet lag. It is also used in the treatment of certain medical conditions, such as migraines, depression, and seasonal affective disorder.

Side Effects and Interactions

While generally considered safe for short-term use, melatonin can cause side effects such as headache, nausea, and drowsiness. It can also interact with certain medications, including blood pressure medication, antidepressants, and anticoagulants.

Regulation and Availability

In many countries, including the United States, melatonin is available over the counter. However, in some countries, it requires a prescription. The FDA does not regulate melatonin as it does prescription drugs, so the quality and potency of products can vary.

Research and Future Applications

Research into the potential uses of melatonin is ongoing. Some studies suggest it may have potential in the treatment of cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and other conditions. However, more research is needed to confirm these findings.