Pigeon toe

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Pigeon toe
File:In-toeing.jpg
Synonyms	In-toeing
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Feet that point inward
Complications	Gait abnormalities
Onset	Childhood
Duration	Can persist into adulthood
Types	N/A
Causes	Femoral anteversion, tibial torsion, metatarsus adductus
Risks	Family history, developmental dysplasia of the hip
Diagnosis	Physical examination, X-ray
Differential diagnosis	Clubfoot, flat feet
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Observation, physical therapy, orthotic devices
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Generally good, often resolves with age
Frequency	Common in children
Deaths	N/A

File:Sgarlato's angle of metatarsus adductus.jpg

Pigeon toe

Pigeon toe, also known as in-toeing, is a condition where the feet point inward when walking. It is common in children and is usually not a serious condition. Most children will outgrow pigeon toe on their own without the need for treatment.

Causes

Pigeon toe can be caused by several factors. These include:

• Metatarsus adductus: This is a common foot deformity noted at birth that causes the front half of the foot, or forefoot, to turn inward.
• Tibial torsion: This is an inward twisting of the shin bones, the bones that are located between the knee and the ankle.
• Femoral anteversion: This is an inward twisting of the thigh bone, also known as the femur.

Symptoms

The main symptom of pigeon toe is an inward pointing foot. This can be observed when the child is walking or running. In some cases, the child may also have a clumsy gait and may trip frequently.

Diagnosis

Pigeon toe is usually diagnosed through a physical examination. The doctor may also ask about the child's birth history, as some conditions that cause pigeon toe are more common in children who were in a breech position before birth.

Treatment

Most cases of pigeon toe do not require treatment, as the condition usually corrects itself as the child grows. In severe cases, or if the condition does not improve, the doctor may recommend special shoes or braces to help straighten the foot. In very rare cases, surgery may be required.

See also

• Foot deformity
• Club foot
• Bow legs