Phosgene oxime

Phosgene oxime (chemical formula: CCl_2NOH) is a chemical compound classified as a chemical weapon. It is an oxime and is known for its potent vesicant properties, causing severe skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritation. Unlike other vesicants such as mustard gas, phosgene oxime does not cause blisters but induces immediate and intense pain upon contact.

Properties

Phosgene oxime is a colorless, crystalline solid at room temperature but can also exist as a liquid. It has a melting point of 35-40°C and a boiling point of 128-130°C. The compound is highly reactive and decomposes rapidly in the presence of water.

Mechanism of Action

Phosgene oxime acts as a corrosive agent, causing cellular damage upon contact. It disrupts the integrity of cell membranes, leading to cell death and tissue necrosis. The exact biochemical mechanism is not fully understood, but it is known to cause immediate pain and irritation, distinguishing it from other chemical warfare agents that have a delayed onset of symptoms.

Symptoms of Exposure

Exposure to phosgene oxime can result in:

• Immediate and severe pain at the site of contact
• Redness and swelling of the skin
• Necrosis of the affected tissue
• Eye irritation and potential blindness
• Respiratory distress if inhaled

Medical Treatment

There is no specific antidote for phosgene oxime poisoning. Treatment is primarily supportive and symptomatic, including:

• Immediate decontamination by removing contaminated clothing and washing the affected area with soap and water
• Administration of pain relief medications
• Supportive care for respiratory distress, including oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation if necessary

History and Use

Phosgene oxime was first synthesized in the early 20th century and has been studied for its potential use as a chemical warfare agent. However, it has not been widely used in warfare due to its rapid onset of symptoms and the availability of more effective chemical agents.

Safety and Handling

Due to its highly toxic nature, phosgene oxime should be handled with extreme caution. Appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) including gloves, masks, and protective clothing should be worn when handling the compound. In case of a spill or accidental release, immediate evacuation and decontamination procedures should be followed.

Related Pages

• Chemical weapon
• Vesicant
• Mustard gas
• Oxime
• Chemical warfare