REM sleep behavior disorder

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the loss of normal voluntary muscle atonia during REM sleep, associated with complex motor behavior and vivid dreams.

Definition

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder is a parasomnia characterized by the enactment of vivid, often frightening dreams during REM sleep. Unlike most dreamers, people with RBD act out their dreams. These dreams are often filled with action and may even be violent.

Symptoms

The main symptom of RBD is dream-enacting behaviors, sometimes violent, causing self-injury or injury to the bed partner. Other symptoms may include vocalizations such as talking, laughing, shouting, emotional outbursts, and complex motor behaviors such as punching, kicking, or leaping from bed.

Causes

The exact cause of RBD is unknown, but it may occur in association with various degenerative neurological conditions such as Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, and Lewy body dementia. It can also be induced by certain medications, particularly those affecting neurotransmitters.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of RBD is based on the clinical history and confirmed by polysomnographic recording, which shows increased muscle activity during REM sleep.

Treatment

Treatment of RBD involves managing any underlying conditions and reducing the risk of injury. Medications such as Clonazepam and Melatonin may be used to suppress REM sleep and reduce symptoms.

See also

• Sleep paralysis
• Narcolepsy
• Insomnia
• Sleep apnea

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