Major affective disorder
Major Affective Disorder[edit | edit source]
Major Affective Disorder, also known as Mood Disorder, is a category of mental health disorders characterized by significant disturbances in a person's mood. These disorders can affect a person's emotional state, leading to periods of extreme happiness, sadness, or both. The most common types of major affective disorders include Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder.
Types of Major Affective Disorders[edit | edit source]
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)[edit | edit source]
Major Depressive Disorder is characterized by a persistent feeling of sadness or a lack of interest in external stimuli. It can lead to a variety of emotional and physical problems and can decrease a person's ability to function at work and at home.
Bipolar Disorder[edit | edit source]
Bipolar Disorder involves episodes of mood swings ranging from depressive lows to manic highs. The mood swings can affect sleep, energy, activity, judgment, behavior, and the ability to think clearly.
Symptoms[edit | edit source]
The symptoms of major affective disorders can vary depending on the specific disorder and the individual. Common symptoms include:
- Persistent sadness or low mood
- Loss of interest or pleasure in activities
- Changes in appetite or weight
- Sleep disturbances
- Fatigue or loss of energy
- Feelings of worthlessness or guilt
- Difficulty concentrating or making decisions
- Thoughts of death or suicide
Causes[edit | edit source]
The exact cause of major affective disorders is not fully understood, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. Some potential causes include:
- Genetic predisposition
- Neurotransmitter imbalances
- Stressful life events
- Chronic medical conditions
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Diagnosis of major affective disorders typically involves a comprehensive evaluation by a mental health professional. This may include a physical examination, interviews, and psychological assessments. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is often used as a guide for diagnosis.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Treatment for major affective disorders often involves a combination of medication and psychotherapy. Common treatments include:
- Antidepressants
- Mood stabilizers
- Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
- Interpersonal therapy (IPT)
Prognosis[edit | edit source]
With appropriate treatment, many individuals with major affective disorders can manage their symptoms and lead fulfilling lives. However, these disorders can be chronic and may require long-term treatment.
See Also[edit | edit source]
NIH genetic and rare disease info[edit source]
Major affective disorder is a rare disease.
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