Pituitary body

Pituitary Body

The Pituitary Body, also known as the pituitary gland, is a small, pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain. It is often referred to as the "master gland" due to its pivotal role in regulating various bodily functions.

Anatomy

The pituitary body is divided into two distinct parts: the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) and the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis). Each part has a unique structure and function, secreting different hormones that regulate various physiological processes.

Anterior Pituitary

The anterior pituitary produces and releases several hormones, including growth hormone (GH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and prolactin (PRL).

Posterior Pituitary

The posterior pituitary does not produce hormones but stores and releases two hormones produced by the hypothalamus: oxytocin and vasopressin (also known as antidiuretic hormone, ADH).

Function

The pituitary body plays a crucial role in the endocrine system, regulating a wide range of bodily functions. These include growth, metabolism, reproduction, blood pressure regulation, and water balance.

Disorders

Disorders of the pituitary body can lead to a variety of health problems. These include pituitary adenomas, Cushing's disease, acromegaly, hypopituitarism, and diabetes insipidus.

See Also

• Endocrine system
• Hormone
• Hypothalamus