Adrenal cortical carcinoma

Adrenal cortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and aggressive form of cancer that originates in the cortex (outer layer) of the adrenal gland. ACC is also known as adrenocortical carcinoma. It can occur at any age but is most commonly diagnosed in adults in their 40s and 50s.

Etiology

The exact cause of ACC is unknown. However, it is believed to be associated with certain genetic syndromes such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, and Carney complex.

Symptoms

Symptoms of ACC can vary depending on whether the tumor is functional (producing hormones) or non-functional (not producing hormones). Functional tumors can cause symptoms such as weight gain, hypertension, diabetes, and changes in sex characteristics. Non-functional tumors may cause pain, a feeling of fullness, or a noticeable lump in the abdomen.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of ACC typically involves a combination of physical examination, imaging tests such as CT scan or MRI, and laboratory tests to measure hormone levels. A biopsy may also be performed to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment options for ACC include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. The choice of treatment depends on the stage of the disease, the patient's overall health, and the patient's personal preferences.

Prognosis

The prognosis for ACC is generally poor, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 15%. However, early detection and treatment can improve the prognosis.

See also

• Adrenal gland
• Cancer
• Oncology