Chloroprednisone 21-acetate

Chloroprednisone 21-acetate

Chloroprednisone 21-acetate is a synthetic glucocorticoid corticosteroid and a corticosteroid ester. It is a derivative of prednisone, with an additional chlorine atom and an acetyl group at the 21 position.

Chemistry

Chloroprednisone 21-acetate is a synthetic, halogenated, acetylated, 21-carbon steroid. It is a derivative of prednisone, which is itself a synthetic derivative of cortisol, a natural glucocorticoid hormone produced in the adrenal cortex. The additional chlorine atom and acetyl group in chloroprednisone 21-acetate increase its lipophilicity and enhance its absorption in the gastrointestinal tract when taken orally.

Pharmacology

As a glucocorticoid, chloroprednisone 21-acetate has potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. It works by binding to the glucocorticoid receptor, which leads to changes in gene expression that result in reduced inflammation and immune response. The acetyl group at the 21 position increases the drug's lipophilicity, enhancing its absorption and increasing its bioavailability when taken orally.

Clinical Use

Chloroprednisone 21-acetate is used in the treatment of various conditions that involve inflammation or overactive immune response, such as rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, and allergic reactions. It is also used in the treatment of adrenal insufficiency and certain types of cancer.

Side Effects

Like other glucocorticoids, chloroprednisone 21-acetate can have a number of side effects, particularly with long-term use. These can include osteoporosis, Cushing's syndrome, glaucoma, and psychiatric disorders. It can also cause adrenal suppression, which can lead to adrenal insufficiency if the drug is stopped abruptly.

See Also

• Prednisone
• Corticosteroid
• Glucocorticoid receptor