Iranian philosophy

File:Zartosht.jpg

Zartosht

The Iranian prophet Mazdak being executed

IbnSinaCanon1

File:Fakhr razi tabarestani.jpg

Fakhr razi tabarestani

Iranian philosophy refers to the philosophical traditions and ideas that have emerged from the region historically known as Iran. This rich and diverse tradition spans several millennia, encompassing various schools of thought and influential philosophers.

Historical Overview

Iranian philosophy can be broadly divided into several periods:

Pre-Islamic Era

The earliest form of Iranian philosophy is found in the religious texts of Zoroastrianism, particularly the Avesta. Zoroaster (or Zarathustra) is considered one of the first philosophers of Iran, whose teachings emphasized the duality of good and evil and the importance of individual choice.

Islamic Golden Age

During the Islamic Golden Age, Iranian philosophers made significant contributions to various fields of knowledge. Notable figures include:

• Avicenna (Ibn Sina) - A polymath who wrote extensively on philosophy, medicine, and science.
• Al-Farabi - Known for his works on political philosophy and metaphysics.
• Al-Ghazali - A theologian and philosopher who critiqued the works of earlier Islamic philosophers and emphasized Sufism.

Safavid Era

The Safavid dynasty saw the flourishing of Isfahan School of philosophy, with prominent figures such as:

• Mulla Sadra - Known for his development of Transcendent Theosophy and the concept of Asalat al-Wujud (the primacy of existence).

Modern Era

In the modern era, Iranian philosophy has continued to evolve, influenced by both Western and traditional Islamic thought. Key modern philosophers include:

• Ahmad Fardid - Known for his critique of Western modernity and his influence on contemporary Iranian intellectuals.
• Ali Shariati - A sociologist and revolutionary thinker who sought to synthesize Islamic thought with modern social theories.

Major Themes

Iranian philosophy encompasses a wide range of themes, including:

• Metaphysics - The nature of reality and existence.
• Ethics - The study of moral principles and values.
• Epistemology - The theory of knowledge and belief.
• Political philosophy - The study of government, justice, and the rights of individuals.

Influence

Iranian philosophy has had a profound impact on both Eastern and Western thought. The works of Iranian philosophers have been translated into numerous languages and have influenced various fields, including theology, science, and literature.

Related Pages

• Zoroastrianism
• Avicenna
• Al-Farabi
• Al-Ghazali
• Mulla Sadra
• Transcendent Theosophy
• Safavid dynasty
• Islamic Golden Age
• Sufism

See Also

• Islamic philosophy
• Persian literature
• History of Iran