Metastatic melanoma

Metastatic Melanoma is a form of melanoma that has spread from its original site to other parts of the body. It is the most serious type of skin cancer and is characterized by its ability to metastasize, or spread, to other organs and tissues.

Overview[edit | edit source]

Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that begins in the melanocytes, the cells that produce the pigment melanin. Most melanomas form on the skin, but they can also form in other pigmented tissues, such as the eye. When melanoma cells manage to break away from the original tumor, they can travel to other parts of the body through the blood or lymphatic system. This process is known as metastasis, and the resulting secondary tumors are referred to as metastatic melanomas.

Symptoms[edit | edit source]

The symptoms of metastatic melanoma can vary greatly depending on where in the body the cancer has spread. Common symptoms can include fatigue, weight loss, and pain or discomfort in the area where the cancer has spread. For example, if the melanoma has spread to the lungs, symptoms may include shortness of breath or a persistent cough.

Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

The diagnosis of metastatic melanoma typically involves a combination of physical examination, medical history, and various diagnostic tests. These tests can include biopsy, imaging tests such as CT scan or MRI, and blood tests.

Treatment[edit | edit source]

Treatment for metastatic melanoma can involve a combination of surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. The choice of treatment depends on various factors, including the patient's overall health, the location and size of the metastases, and the patient's personal preferences.

Prognosis[edit | edit source]

The prognosis for metastatic melanoma is generally poor, with a five-year survival rate of less than 25%. However, recent advances in treatment, particularly in the field of immunotherapy, have significantly improved survival rates for some patients.