Schönlein-Henoch purpura

Schönlein-Henoch purpura (SHP), also known as IgA vasculitis, is a type of vasculitis that affects small blood vessels, primarily in the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and kidneys. It is characterized by purpura, arthritis, abdominal pain, and nephritis. The disease is named after Johann Lukas Schönlein and Eduard Heinrich Henoch, who first described it in the 19th century.

Signs and symptoms

The most common symptom of SHP is a rash known as purpura, which appears as red or purple discolorations on the skin. Other symptoms can include joint pain and swelling (arthritis), abdominal pain, and kidney problems (nephritis). Some people may also experience nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

Causes

The exact cause of SHP is unknown, but it is thought to be related to an abnormal immune response. It often occurs following an infection, such as a streptococcal infection or an upper respiratory tract infection.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of SHP is based on the presence of the characteristic symptoms and may be confirmed by a skin or kidney biopsy. Blood tests may also be used to detect elevated levels of IgA antibodies.

Treatment

Treatment for SHP is primarily supportive and may include rest, hydration, and pain relief. In severe cases, medications such as corticosteroids or immunosuppressants may be used to reduce inflammation and prevent further damage to the blood vessels.

Prognosis

The prognosis for SHP is generally good, with most people recovering fully within a few weeks to months. However, in some cases, the disease can lead to serious complications such as kidney damage.

See also

• Vasculitis
• Purpura
• Arthritis
• Nephritis

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